Chennai, previously known as Madras is the capital of Tamil Nadu state and the fourth largest metropolis of India, after New Delhi, Bombay and Calcutta. Located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, this seaside city is known for the vibrant culture, deep religious roots, scenic beaches and glorious traditions. On one hand its several ancient monuments and Historical remains points to the royal era from the illustri
ous rule of Chola, Pallava and Dravidian dynasties, the cathedrals and churches on the other hand reminds one of the British heritage of 150 years.
Religions exemplify the state, and the temple towns of Thanjavur, Mahabalipuram and Kanchipuram whose temples and fortifications served as abode to a multi layered society that preached faith and
social harmony. Each town has its own significance and share of contribution to the society as a large-be it the famous silk sarees of Kanchipuram, the bronze figure casting at Thanjavur or the wealth of exquisite sculptures at Mahabalipuram.
Chennai is the first city of Tamil Nadu and is called the gateway to the south. Although parts of Chennai like the erstwhile villages including Triplicane, Mylapore, Ezhambur etc. have a recorded historical past centuries older, Chennai however is only about 350 years old. Rapid modern developments and construction on large scale have not hindered cities allegiance to ancient traditions. Today, Chennai presents a charming picture of old with new, of development
s with tradition and of
technology with age old charm. It has embraced the new age developments and modernization, all the while delicately preserving the essence of the bygone era for a truly memorable and unique metropolitan city.
History of Chennai
Located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, Chennai is known as the knowledge hub of India. An all round development exhibited through various facets of the city ranks it up with other famous cities ndia. However, deep within the cover of new age developments lies a glorious history untouched by the fast paced life. A history that dates back to hundreds of years to present a memorable synthesis of old with new. The south Indian history with its share of royalties, en-suing colonialism followed by the massive growth of the city during the 20th century.
Elieved to have existed since times immemorial, it was originally a cluster of villages, comprising of paddy fields and palm trees. Several famous dynasties like the Pallavas, the Cholas, the Pandyas and the Vijaynagar Empire ruled over its majestic terrain. In 1639, Francis Day and Andrew Cogan-the two merchants of the East India Company started a factory-cum-trading post here resulting in the birth of Chennai-the metropolitan. To serve as the control center, the St George Fort was completed on 23 Apr` 1640 and the native town was officially known as the George Town.
The archeological evidence traces Chennai history to hundreds of years as evidenced by the famous 7th century Pallava Port, Kapalesvara Temple and Parthasarathi Temple. Although the city also came under the rule of French during the 18th century, it was soon reclaimed by the British forces. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chappell was prominent in this regard. By the end of 18th century, British colonialist powers had taken control over most of the region around Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka resulting in the foundation of the Madras Presidency.
During the British rule, Chennai with strong naval base became a prominent city. The introduction of railways in the late 19th century resulted in connection with other vital cities like Mumbai and Kolkata. Trade, communication and commerce received tremendous boost as a result of transportation advan cement. However, to Chennai goes the dubious distinction of being the only city in India that was hit during the World War.
After India’s independent in 1947, Chennai was made the capital of Madras State, which in 1968 was renamed as Tamil Nadu. Then again in 1997, the name of Madras was changed to Chennai by the government authorities which continues to this day.
Culture of Chennai
Chennai possesses a thriving culture whose root goes back to hundreds of years. The glorious history, the rich religious presence and a population following various religions and beliefs have resulted in a culture that both entice and marvel you with its great variety. One such popular facet of its culture is the classical music-and the annual five week-long Music Season described as one of the world's largest cultural events is its apt evidence. Hundreds of artists from in and around the city liven up the festival with their soul-stirring and enthralling performances (kutcheries) of traditional Carnatic music. Carnatic music makes the December season a must-experience for visitors to Chennai.
To Chennai goes the credit of preserving and promoting the classical dance form of Bharatanatyam which is also its official dance. Kalakshetra – an important cultural centre for Bharatanatyam located on the beach in cities southern part is a step in the same direction. The theatres of Chennai plays host to a large number of Tamil plays based on slapstick comedy, Political satire, mythology, history and drama. Several famous theatre personalities have left their mark in the stage with their masterful performance.
Several famous theatre companies including both Indian and international are based in Chennai including Still Water Productions, Masquerade - the performance group, Rebelz,Stagefright Productions and India's oldest english theatre company, Madras Playersstage organizing shows throughout the year. Various student bands are seen performing cultural festivals and competitions whereas professional bands such as The LBG dominate the pro-events. Kollywood is Chennai’s answer to Hollywood and its over 350 Tamil movies a year along with world famous soundtracks dominate the nationwide industry-next only to Bollywood.
Chennai played a vital role in the evolution of traditional and contemporary Indian art as well and renowned institutes like the Lalit Kala Akademi are a platform for both established and emerging artists. Several gifted artist have hailed from Chennai to leave their mark in the world map.
The social scenario in Chennai exhibits various religions and faith being followed. Although the majority of residents in Chennai are native Tamilians, a sizeable native Telugu and migrant Malayalee communities also dwell in the city. Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati and Marwari communities apart from a growing expatriate population from the United States, Europe and East Asia is also found. Chennai being a cosmopolitan city, almost all major religious festivals like Christmans, Deepavali and Eid are celebrated here, although Tamil Nadu’s very own festival of Pongal is the most popular.
Climate & Best time to Visit
Chennai lies in the tropical zone of climate, as a result of which it mostly experiences hot and humid weather. However, it receives ample rainfall and therefore has a pleasant climate throughout the year. During the months of May and June the temperatures falls between 38 - 42 degrees Celsius while in January the minimum temperature is between 19 - 20 degrees Celsius. The winter season is pleasant without requiring any heavy woolen clothes. The Monsoon season falls between Mid Septembers to mid December.
Considering the prevalent weather conditions, the period from November and February is regarded as the best time to visit Chennai. Apart from slight rainfall, the weather is very enjoyable for the tourists as well as the residents.
Chennai at a Glance
Population: 4.34 million
Location: On the southeast coast (Coromandel Coast) of India
Climate of Chennai: 42 °C to 30 °C (summer)
27 °C to 10 °C (winter)
Best time to visit: November to February
Chennai Railway Station: Chennai Central and Egmore railway station
Nearest Airport: Anna International Airport, Meenambakkom airport
Must Visit: Fort St. George, Kamaraj Memorial House, Thousand Lights Mosque, Valluvar Kottam and
Marina Beach
Language spoken: Tamil, Hindi, English
Religions: Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Jain
How to Reach
Chennai being one of the four metro cities in India is easily accessible by air, rail and road or even by sea.
By Air: Chennai has Anna International Airport and Kamaraj domestic terminal located nearby at about 20 kms away from the city. Both air terminals are located at Meenambakkom and have regular flight schedule to & from several countries and cities.
By Rail: Chennai is the headquarters of Southern Railway and well connected with many cities and towns by super-fast and express trains. It has two main railway stations namely; Chennai Central and Egmore, both of them provide more than sufficient transport options for the visitors. The recently unveiled Massive Rapid Transport System (MRTS)- an electric train system also connects various places within the city.
By Road: Chennai is well connected to all the major cities of India by a network of highways and roads. The Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus is regarded as the largest bus terminal in Asia. Regular services of Government operated and private operators apart from pre-paid taxis and autos are also available for local commutation.